Questioning the Value of Literary Realism in...

Questioning the Value of Literary Realism in Slaughterhouse Five, Cats Cradle, and Mother Night In questioning the value of literary realism, Flannery OConnor has written, I am interested in making a good case for distortion because it is the only way to make people see. Kurt Vonnegut writes pessimistic novels, or at least he did back in the sixties. Between Slaughterhouse Five, Mother Night, and Cats Cradle, Vonnegut paints a cynical and satirical picture of the degradation of society using distortion as the primary means to express himself. In Cats Cradle, the reader is confronted with the story of the narrator, John, as he attempts to gather material to write a book on the human aspect of the day Japan was bombed. As the†¦show more content†¦By doing this, the people could all employed full time as actors in a play they understood, that human being everywhere could enjoy and applaud (144). So became Bokononism, one of the men taking charge of the government, and the other, Bokonon, retreating into the forest to preach his faith. After exploring the theory of Bokononism, and machinations of the men behind it, the reader is left wondering if Vonnegut is implying that democracy and our American ideals could be, perhaps, an elaborate hoax. Bo konons words: I wanted all things To seem to make more sense, So we all could be happy, yes Instead of tense. And I made up lies So that they would all fit nice And I made this sad world A par-a-dise (109) Upon his arrival at San Lorenzo, John is struck by the illusionary visage that the island projects. From his room in the luxurious Casa Mona, he is blessed with a view of the islands one paved street, the harbor, the airport, and a multiplicity of well manicured lawns and hedges. However, the squalor and misery of the city, being to the sides and back of the Casa Mona, were impossible to see (131). This clouded sense of beauty projected by the hotel may be interpreted as yet another metaphor blasting the concept of nationality. Perhaps the bells and whistles decorating our freedom and independence are merely distracting us from the corruption and destruction being planned behind the scenes? Perhaps we really have no

The Dichotomy Of Freedom And Slavery Essay - 2041 Words

The dichotomy of freedom and slavery in rhetoric and rise of the United States of America has long been an enigma, a source of endless debate for scholars and citizens alike who wonder how a nation steeped in the ideals of republicanism could so easily subjugate and enslave an entire group of people. The Chesapeake region was home to America’s great statesmen, men who espoused ideals of freedom and liberty from tyranny. Yet at the same time, these men held hundreds of men, women, and children in conditions of lifelong bondage. How then did this dichotomy arise? The dangers posed by indentured servants that became freemen resulted in the development of a system of African-descended chattel slavery in the Chesapeake, a system whose creation and continuance was aided by a continuum of racial thinking and racial prejudice aimed at Africans in Virginia. From the outset, the issue of labor in the Chesapeake was a dominant force in the creation of colonial society. The origins of colonial labor rested on the shoulders of indentured servants, often unemployed laborers from England sent to the colony by the Virginia Company. After serving a term of seven years, each servant was then entitled to freedom and the opportunity to work in the colony to best achieve individual benefits and the success offered by the New World. The early generations of these servants turned freemen posed little problem to their former masters as they constituted to small a segment of the population toShow MoreRelatedFrederick Douglass Speech Analysis795 Words   |  4 PagesDuffy and Besel call ‘one of the most important abolition speeches of the nineteenth century’ (5), delivered to the Ladies’ Anti-Slavery Society on the fifth of July 1852, Frederick Douglass establishes a vast dichotomy between these two peoples: while white Americans c elebrate their freedom, black countrymen and -women are continually and lawfully oppressed. 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Criminological Theories Essay Example For Students

Criminological Theories Essay There are many different aspects of criminal justice policy. One in particular is the different theories of crime and how they affect the criminal justice system. The Classical School of criminology is a theory about evolving from a capital punishment type of view to more humane ways of punishing people. Positivist criminology is maintaining the control of human behavior and criminal behavior. They did this through three different categories of Biological studies, which are five methodologies of crime that were mainly focused on biological theories, Psychological theories, which contains four separate theories, and the Sociological theories, which also includes four different methods of explaining why crime exists. The last theory is about Critical criminology. Their goal was to transform society in a way that would liberate and empower subordinate groups of individuals. The Classical School of criminology was founded by European legal authorities that thought crime was caused by supernatural forces (DeKeseredy Schwartz, 1996, p.155) preceding the 1700s. The catch phrase The devil made him do it was very popular because of the thought that people who committed crimes were sinners or people who didnt follow God. Those who didnt follow God were known as heretics and this following led to the connection of church and state where torture or execution could happen to anyone that the government thought to be evil or a part of witchcraft. Since the Middle Ages didnt have equal rights for all, women and the poor were usually the ones being prosecuted. With all of the problems of the times, the government found and made scapegoats out of these people, and blamed them of the troubles that were occurring. As DeKeseredy and Schwartz (1996, p.156) stated, the most common way of determining guilt was through torture. It was a simple system: if you confessed, you were executed: is you did not confess, the torture continued until you died. This system of killing people was a well-respected way of running the criminal justice system. As time passed, the punishments turned away from inflicting pain on the body and turned more towards inflicting pain on the soul. This meant that imprisonment of long periods of time was going to take place of executions. A very important theorist in the Classical School of thought is Cesare Beccarria. He was a modest man who wrote an essay called On Crimes and Punishment. It was published as an anonymous essay at first that was so successful, that a second printing was done and he then put his name on it and it became an even greater success. It was so great that the publisher translated it into many different languages, and was distributed to top public officials and government throughout Europe, Asia, and America. It became very influential in the fight to reform and develop new laws. Another theorist, Jeremy B entham, had a major effect on criminal law through his writings and design features. Some of the ideas for the designing of prisons that he did were adapted to some of the American prisons being built later on. The Classical School of the modern times still plays a major role in the criminal justice system. The Get tough on crime policy is still around today because of theorists view to keep punishments to the least amount of punishment as possible to try and prevent crime. Yet today, critiques still exist with this theory as with any other theories. The first is that of the cost/reward analysis and deterrence. In a study done by Ken Tunnell, he concluded that criminals do not evaluate the negative consequences of their actions. The act of getting caught never crosses their mind because the threat of committing the crime is enough to keep them from thinking about the consequences. Therefore, those criminals that commit crimes that are under the influence of drugs or any other substa nce are even less rational about the consequences than those who commit crimes. Another critique is that of the punishment and deterrence theory. These theorists feel that being imprisoned for a crime can and will deter more crimes of the like. Prisons for example, are a dominant sense of making the country feel safer because the criminals are being locked up. Also, the death penalty can be a form of deterrence towards other criminals because they are able to see what is happening to other criminals that commit the same types of crimes. Whether or not this does deter criminals from committing crimes is another story. The Positivist School of criminology began in the late 19th century and is still a part of society today. The Positivist School suggests that in order to control crime, you have to use scientific methods to look for the causes of crime. Some important developments the theory included were controlling human behavior, controlling criminal behavior, industrial revolutions, the emergence of modern science, and finally Darwins theory of evolution. Many assumptions had been made, but a few in particular stood out to be the most important. Theorists said that human nature is determined before you are even born. Also that it is differentiated which means that criminals are different from non-criminals. The five methodologies are based on biological characteristics that may cause the criminals to commit the crimes they based on certain characteristics. The first method is physiognomy. This judges character by facial features as well as physical features. It can be traced back to Ancient Greece and Rome. The second is phrenology. This judges the criminals intelligence and character based on the different shapes of the skull. This method was popular in the early to mid 1800s. Thirdly, criminal anthropology studied the criminal human beings from birth. Lombrosos theory of the biological impact on crime was heavily influenced by Darwins study of evolution. Lom broso, the father of positivist criminology believed he could study human behavior and then locate some factors that may cause a pattern of crime in the person. These people who committed such violent crimes were known as atavistic because of their physical features resembling that of animals. Chimpanzeelike ears, shifty eyes, and large jaws (DeKeseredy and Schwartz, 1996, p.178), were a number of characteristics that many body type theorists agreed upon as an attribute to a criminal. Hereditary studies were also compared and contrasted, but no real evidence was found to make the study a significant success. Some criticisms of the Biological theories is that there are inadequate controls of environmental factors that had an effect on these studies. Also, that correlation is not causation because no criminal behavior can be inherently criminal. Psychological theories of crime include intelligence, psychoanalytic, personality disorders, and humanistic theories. Intelligence theories c onnect to the Biological theories because of numerous studies done that showed correlation to the amount of intelligence a person has also has to do with the possible size of the body as well as other features on the body. Psychoanalytic theories are based on the work of Sigmund Freud. He said that crime is a symptom of deep-seated problems that dont balance the Id, Ego, and Superego. This is where psychopaths and sociopaths get their name from because they cant balance any of these together. Personality disorders deal with the different characteristics of a person internally. It was stated in class that criminals have different personality traits than non-criminals. Whereas Humanistic theories are based on the Hierarchy of Needs. Criticisms of Psychological theories include that most criminals are mentally ill and cant account for their actions because violence is selective. Sociological theories are based on the views that human behavior is determined and that social order is cons ensual. The Ecological theory is based mainly on the Chicago School of thought. It shows that social disorganization causes crime. Subcultural and Learning theories suggest that crime is caused by learning and conforming to deviant subcultures values. Anomie and Strain theories suggest that inequality among different groups of people causes crime because of the oppression faced among many different groups of people. Control Theories state that strong bonds to society cause conformity which in turn leads to weak bonds causing deviance and delinquency. .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6 , .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6 .postImageUrl , .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6 , .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6:hover , .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6:visited , .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6:active { border:0!important; } .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6:active , .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6 .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0bf2c452aa49e661923f2aa607b4a9e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Birth Of Computer Programming (Ada Augusta Byr EssayCritical Criminology is based on the sources of crime that have to deal with class, ethnicity, and patriarchal relations that control the society we live in. Whether or not Critical Criminology supports the interests of subordinate groups in society, it does not always come to be as clear of a subject that you might think. Many of the theories of Critical Criminology reject the solutions to short-term solutions that make tougher laws and the increasing use of prisons. These are the theories of Criminology that affect our world today. They play a major role in criminal justice policy and should be considered major part s of the system. Such perspectives give way to each other and may even clash with one another, but are very important to todays society because they help people understand the roles that criminals play in the society that they live in. They also give reasons for why some criminals do what they do. ReferencesBarlow, M. H. (1999). Class Notes. Crime and Criminal Justice Policy. DeKeseredy, W. S. ; Schwartz, M. D. (1996). Contemporary Criminology. Belmont, California: Wadsworth. English

Lab Questions Module free essay sample

In Spanish In the late sass? What was the reaction? Risky Martin shocked the audience by singing In Spanish at the 1 asss Grammar Awards. Eventually, the audience gave Martin a standing ovation for his brilliant song. 2. When did Latin music burst back on the scene? What song brought it back to the mainstream? What effect did it have? Latin music came back onto the scene 15 years before Risky Martins performance with Gloria Sateens Conga. It gave diversity in music, and showed people the culture of Spanish people. How did the sounds of salsa change? Salsa music was toned down lyrically. Marc Anthony and La India were two of the most popular salsa artists at the time. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Questions Module or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These artists brought together Latinist and Hispanics of all races into one form of music. 4. What was the influence of CBS Latin division on the explosion of Latin music in the US? Risky Martin was the most prominent in the reign of Spanish music at the time. Liven La Vida Local was Martins explosion of Spanish flare Into American culture at the time.He was the inspiration or many more artists to mix their tongues of Spanish and English music at the time. 5. Who were some of the artists who brought together Latin influenced music with mainstream pop music? Slenderer Lopez), Marc Anthony, and Risky Martin were the most well known artists who brought in Spanish Flare into American Culture. 6. Why did the Latin music Influence decrease? Latin artists felt as If they were Intruding Into American music. But on the other hand, Latin artists were transforming American music culture. . What was Regnant? Regnant was rooted from Jamaican Reggae and intertwined Spanish and Jamaican music. Those, whose genre was that, thought they were more on the Spanish Hippo side. Daddy Yankee was the most prominent at the time and influenced more artists at the time. 8. What other types of music are being influenced by Latin music? Latin/Spanish Music influenced the genre of Musicals and Rock. Junes began bringing Latin music into Rock music. In The Heights features Latin singers and lyrics with a Latin story line.